feldman



A. M. FELDMAN.

HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 7. I918.

1 ,3 1 5,766. Patented Sept. 9, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET1.

A. M. FELDMAN.

HEATING AND coouwe APPARATUS.

APPLJCATlON FILED NOV. 7. 1918.

1 ,3 1 5 ,76 6 Patented Sept. 9, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. NI. FELDMAN.

HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV,7,19l8.

1,31 5,766. Patented Sept. 9, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A Elwuemtoz QZXM 3W ABRAM M. FELDMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

"atented Sept. 9, 1919.

Application filed November 7, 1918. Serial No. 261,449.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAM M. FELDMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan, city ofNew York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and. useful Improvements in Heating and Cooling Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention. relates to combined heating and cooling systems, and has for its object to provide a method and apparatus wherein the same system of piping and radiators may be employed either forheating a building or a plurality of buildings, or for cooling the same.

In carrying out this object, my invention involves certain principles and details of operation, as hereinaftermore definitely will be pointed out and claimed, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, in which 2- Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion of a building, illustrating my improved system in connectlon with what is known as a one-pipe overhead down-feed water or steam heating system. I

Fig. 2 is a similar view, illustrating my system in connection with an ordinary twopipe steam heatin system.

Fig. 3 is a detaii sectional view of a. check valve of novel construction employed in con nection with the one-pipe steam heating system.

Fig. 4 is similar system, illustrating a s cation. y

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig, 2, and of a similar system, illustrating a modification thereof. y

Similar numerals of reference denote corresponding parts in the several views.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, the reference numeral 1 denotes the floor line o1 the basement of the building, and 2 the floors of the same. .Locatcd in the basement is the usual hot water heater El employed in hot water systems of this character, from the top of whichlcads a supply pipe 4. pro vided with a cut-off valve 5. said pipe t 00111 municating with a vertical riser "6 leading to the top of the building, where it has attached thereto an air trap 7 of any well known construction. Extending in a downwardly inclined direction from approximately the upper end of the riser (i is a pipe 8, which comn'umicates with a down pipe 9 that in turn OOIllll'lUlllCtliQF; through connect a view similar to Fig. 1 and of a ight mod fiing pipes 10 with the upper portions of ordlnary hot water radiators 11, it being understood that the sections of said radiators have free communieation at both top and bottom, as is usual in hot water systems. Leading from the bottoms of said radiators are the connecting pipes 12 which again communicate with the down pipe 9, said pipe having tapped thereinto a return pipe 13, which leads to the bottom of the heater 3, a suitable cut-off valve 14 and a check valve 14' being interposed in said pipe. This is the usual one-pipe overhead downfeed hot water system, and in its operation the hot water passes upwardly through the riser 6 to the top of the building, where any on trapped air from the entire system is removed through the trap 7, and the water passes thence downwardly through the pipes 8 and 9 and into the tops of the radiators 11, being carried off, as the water cools in said radiators, through the lower connecting pipes 12 back into the pipe 9, and thence through the return pipe 13 to the bottom of the heater 3 in the usual manner.

In connection with this system, I have provided a water cooling device 15 in the base ment of the building, which may be of any suitable construction, and from which leads a suction pipe 16 valved at 17 and imiding into a suitable force pump 18. From thence a pipe 19, valved at 20, leads to the pipe 9 of the system. Connected with the riser 6 is a plpe 21 valvedat 22, and leading into the cooler 15,'sa1dp1pe serving as a return for the cooling medium when the apparatus is used as a cooling system.

In operating as a hot water system, it will be understood that the valves 20 and 22 are closed and the valves 5 and 111*. are opened, thus establishing comnuinication through the water heater 3. When it is desired to use the system for cooling, the valves 5 and 14 are closed. thus cutting otf'the water heater 3, and the *alves 20 and 22 are opened, thus estabhslung communication through the cooler 15 and the piping of the system.

Wlith the cooler in operation, the flowot cooling medium through the system is the reverse of that which occurs whenused as a heating system. That to say, the cool ing medium passes through the pipe 16 to the pump 18, by. means of which it is forced upwardly through the pipes 19 and 9, and enters through the pipes 12 upwardly into the radiators 11 where, in thcprocess of ext'acting the heat of the air in the rooms of the building. it is warmed. This results in the natural rlsing of the coollng medium in the radiators 11 and its flow out through the pipes 10 into the pipe 9, and from thence through pipe 8 to the riser 6. which thus acts as a return pipe, the cooling medium passing downwardly through the same and through the pipe 21 back to the cooler 15. In order better to designate the opposite directions of flow of the heating and cooling media. I have indicated the flow of the heating medium by full line arrows, and that of the cooling medium by dotted line arrows.

It is well known that cool air in a room descends, and that warm air ascends. It may be desirable, therefore, that the radiators, instead of being placed upon the floor of the room, be elevated some distance from. the floor, in order that, when the system is employed for cooling, the warm strata of air in the breathing zone of the rooms be brought into contact with the radiators in order to be cooled. This I have shown in the left hand radiator of Fig. 1 of the drawings, the same being disposed some distance above the conventional location of the radiator, as shown by the right hand radiator.

It is necessary also that some provision be made for taking care of the condensation of moisture. from the room air on the surface of the radiators when the system is used for cooling, which I accomplish by disposing beneath the radiators 11. the pans 23, which'will receive any drip from said radiators. Said pans are connected by suitable piping 21 with any point of discharge (not shown), such as a sink in the basement of the building.

\Vhile I have described Fig. 1 as a hot water system, it will be understood that the same may be operated as a steam heating system to heat the building in winter, known.

ordinarily as a one-pipe overhead do'wnfeed steam heating system, and may be converted into a cooling system employing water or brine for cooling in summer. When employed as a steam heating system, I provide on the return end of each radiator a check valve 41 of novel construction and shown in detailin Fig. 3, and a thermostatic valve 25, tapped into the )ipe 9 at a point below the radiators but a ove the heater. This thermostatic valve is provided with a suit able cut-0ft valve to cut it out of operation when the system is used for cooling.

In Fig. 2 I have shown my improved system in connection with the well known twopipe steam or hot water heating system. The heating medium, steam or hot water, for said system is supplied through the pipe 26 from any suitable boiler (not shown), said pipe being valved at 27, and communicating with riser 28 leading to and communicating through connecting pipes 29 with the tops of radiators 30, the sections of said radiators, like the radiators 11 in the Fig. 1 construction, being in free communication at both top and bottom. Leading from the bottoms of said radiators are the pipes 31, tapped into the return pipe 32, which communicates with return pipe 33, valved at 31, and returning to the boiler. Also tapped into the pipe 32 is a thermostatic valve l3 identical in, structure and function with the valve 25 of the Fig. 1 construction. Located in the basement of the building is a cooling apparatus, 35, from which leads a pipe 36, valved at 37, and leading into a suitable pump 38, from which leads a pipe 39 communicating with the pipe 32 of the system. Leading from the pipe 28 of the system is a pipe 41, valved at 42, and leading back into the cooling apparatus 35. Y

The operation of this type of apparatus will be apparent from the construction, the steam or hot water, when used as a heating system, being supplied by the pipe 26 from the boiler, and passing upwardly through the riser 28, and from thence through pipes 29 to the upper portions of the radiators 30, the return being through pipes 31 to the return pipe 32, and thence, through pipe 33, to the boiler. lVh'en it is desired to use the system for cooling purposes, the valves 27 and 34 are closed, and the valves 40 and 42 opened. The system then may be filled with refrigerated water or other suitable cold liquid for cooling purposes, and with the cooling apparatus 35 and the pump 38 in operation, the flow will be from the apparatus 35 through pipe 36 and pump 38 to the pipe 39, thence upwardly through pipe 32 and through pipes 31 to the bottoms of 'the radiators 30, the water as it warms naturally rising in said radiators and flowing out through pipes 29 to the pipe 28, through which a return is had through the pipe 11 to the cooler 35.

As in the Fig. 1 construction, I have shown the left hand radiator 30 elevated somewhat above the floor, and have also shown the drip pans 23 connected by pipigg 24 to a sink in the basement to carry 0 and condensation on the outside surface of the radiators. I also contemplate covering all the piping and fittings of either system with special non-conducting covering of any suitable type.

In either of these systems, when the radiators are located on the floor line, as shown in the right hand -adiators..it may be found desirable. when employing the system for cooling. to provide small fans disposed near the radiators to agitate the air in the rooms. in order that the *arm air of the breathing zone may be brought into contact with the radiators for cooling the same.

It. has been found desirable'in connection with this one-pipe downfeed steam heating system, as described in Figs. 1 and a, to provide the return ends of the radiators wlth the self acting valves 44 opening freelvto 5 the discharge from the radiators but closing automatically against any entrance of steam. In Fig. 3 I have shown in detail my improved form of valve of this character, which is particularly well adapted for use in connection with my improved heating and cooling system. The valve casing of my improved valve communicates through 45 with the radiator and discharges at 46. A check v: lve 47, swinging freely from a pivot 48, acts;automaticallyto close against return pressure throu h 46, while permitting an unobstructed Cischarge through the valve casing in a downward direction. Said valve is provided with an upwardly projecting lug 49, adapted to be engaged by a screw pin 50 located in the casing, the object of said lug and pin being to provide means for moving and retaining said valve-47 in open position, shown in dotted lines, when the system is to be used for cooling, it being understood that in this operation there must be an unobstructed How of the water from the radiators 11 and 67 into the pipes 12 and 68, respectively. These checks also may be found desirable to he used on the return ends of the radiators in thetwo-pipe system, shown in Fig.2.

While I have shown the cooling apparatus 15 of Fig. 1, and of Fig. 2 dis- 35 posed in the basel'nent of the building, it may be found desirable, under certain con ditions, to locate said apparatus at the top of the building,as shown in Fig. 4. In fact where the architectu 'al provisions permit 4 such location of this apparatus it will be advantageous, in that it will be disposed more properly for the free circulation of the cooling medium downward from said apparatus through pipe 56, and will require lessvpower in the force pump 52 to circulate the cooling liquid through the system, as readily will be understood. In Fig. 4 I have shown this arrangement in counection with a one-pipe overhead downfeed water or steam heating system, similar to Fig. 1 wherein the heater 51 and the pump are located in the basement, and the cooler 53 is located at the top of the building. In this construction a pipe 54 valved 55 at 55 leads from the boiler, said pipe 5% connnunicating with the riser 56, valved at 57. and communicating through pipes 58 and 59 with the cooler 53 at its top and bottom. said pipes 58 and 59 being valved 60 at 60 and 61, respectively. (.onnected with the top of the pipe 5(3is a pipe ()2 upwardly 'inclined and communicating with a down pipe 63, a tall) 64: being located at the upper end of said down pipe. Said down pipe 65 communicates through pipes (35 valved at (it; with the tops of the radiators 67, and return p1pes68 lead from the bottoms o't' said rad ators'back to said pipe 63, check valves l4. shown in Fig, 3. being employet'l in connection with said pipes 68. The pipe 3,

which is valved at (39 leads into the pump arrows shown, rising first in pipe 56, passing down through pipe (33 and entering the tops of the radiators (it, passing out ot the same through pipes 68 back to the pipe. (53

and thence through pipe 72 to the boiler When the system is used for cooling; the valves 55, 57 and 73 are closed, and the valves 60, 61, 69 and 71 are opened. The flow is then from the cooler 58 through pipe 58 down through pipes 56 and to the pump 52, thence upwardly through pipe (33 andconnecting pipes 68 to the bottoms of the radiators, the cooling medium rising in the radiators as it warms up and discharging through pipes 5 back to pipe (53 and thence through pipe 612 into the cooler 53, the flow being indicated by the dotted line arrows. When the system is used as a steam heating system, it is desirable that a thermostatic valve 74, similar to the valves and 43, be connected with pipe 63, as shown, and for the purpose hereinbetore described. In this construction, I have shown both the radiators 67 raised above the floors in the breathing zone of the rooms, though it will be understood that they may be disposed on the floors, and suitable fans, hereinbefore described, used for air circulating purposes. It will be understood that when the system is used as a. hot water system, the cooler 53 at the top of the building may act as an expansion tank, in which event the valves (30 and 61 will remain open.

In Fig. 5 I have disclosed a. modified two-pipe system. wherein, although both the flow of the heating or the cooling medium is in the same direction through the. piping. still it is reversed in the radiators. andthe supply and return also are reversed. In said figure the referencenumeral 75 denotes the boiler, from which a pipe 76,

valved at 77, communicates with av riser 7S. valved at 79 and 80, said riser connmmicating through pipe 8]. with a cooler 82 at the topot' the building. From said cooler a pipe 83, valved at 84, comn'lunicates with a pipe 85 leading downwardly to a pipe 86. which communicates with the bottom of the boiler 75 and is valved at 87. Said pipe 86 also is valved at 88, and comnnmicatcs with provided, the same communicating at their tops, through pipes 91, with the riser S, and at theirbottoms, through pipes 92, with the pipez85. In operation, when used as heat- "ia' system, the flow 1s from the boiler through pipes 7 6 and 7 8, through the pipes 91, thence' downward through the radiators 90 and through pipes 92 to pipe 85, and from thence through pipe 86 back to the boiler 75. When used as a cooling system, the flow is from the cooler 82 downwa-rdly through pipe 85 and through pipes 92. into the ,bottoms ofthe radiators 90, thence u ward through said radiators, and thence through pipes 91 to the riser 78, and back. to the cooler 82. It will be understood that the system is filled with the cooling fluid, and that the pump; 89 serves to'maintain the proper circulation of said cooling fluid throughout the system. It also will be understood that the natural flow of fluid from the cooler will be downward by gravity through pipe 85, which will be assisted by the operation of the pump, and that the upward flow of the fluid as it becomes warmer, naturally will occur through the riser 78. It will be observed that in this construction, althou h the supply and return is reversed, w en converted from a heating into a cooling system, still the flow of the heating or cooling medium through the pipes 78 and 85 is in the same direction in both cases, although reversed. in the radiators. As in the other figures, I have indicated the flow of the heating medium.

through the pipes and radiators by full line arrows,-and the flow of the cooling medium by dotted line arrows.

I also. prefer to employ on the radiators 90when the system is used as a steam heating system, the check valves 1:4,- and a thermostatic relief va1ve-93,'sa"id thermostatic valve being disposedbelow the lowest radiator .90 and above the boiler 7 5.

It may be found desirable in warm climates, where no heat is used the year round, to install a cooling system alone, just as heating systems are installed in. cooler climate. It is understood that my invention in its broad aspect contemplates embracing the use of a coolin system alone. I make .noclaim or any novelty whatever as to ahot water or steam heating system, the novelty being found entirely in its adaptat-ion for use either as a well known heating system or as a cooling system involving my novel concept.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A heating and cooling apparatus, comprising a pipe circuit, radiators connected therewith at top andbottom, the sections of said radiators being in free communication at top and bottom throughout, a heateri'in said circuit, a cooler also in said circuit, and means in said circuit for cutting in the heater and cutting out the cooler, or vice versa, the flow through the radiators when the heater is cut in being downward, and when the cooler is cut in being upward.

2. A heating and cooling apparatus, comrising apipe circuit, radiators connected therewith-at top and 'bottom, thesections of said radiators being in free communication at top and bottom throughout, a heater in said circuit, a cooler also in said circuit, and means in said circuit for cutting in the heater and cutting out the cooler, or vice versa, the flow through the system when the. heater is cut in being in one direction through the pipe circuit and downward through'the radiators, and, when the cooler is cut in, reversed in the pipe circuit and upward through the radiators.

3. A one-pipe heating and coolingapparatus, comprising a closed pipe circuit, radiators connected with one side of said circuit at top and bottom, the sections of said radiators being in. free communicationat top and bottom throughout, a heater in said circuit, a cooler also in said circuit, and

means in said circuit for cutting in the heater and cutting out the cooler, or vice versa, the flow through the system when the heater is cut in being in one direction through the pipe circuit and downward through the-radiators, and, when the-cooler is cut in, being reversed in the pipecircuit and upward through the radiators;

4. A heating and cooling apparatus, comprising a pipe circuit, a heater in the bottom of said circuit, a cooler in the top of said circuit, means for inducing a i'lOW'Of heating medium from said heater in one direction through said circuit or for inducing a flow of COOIing. medium from said cooler in the opposite direction therethrough, and radiators connected in said circuit at top and bottom, the sections of said radiators being in free communication at top and bottom throughout.

5. A cooling apparatus, comprising a pipe circuit, radiators connected therewith at top and bottom, th sections of said radiators being in free communication at top and bottom throughout, a cooler in said circuit, and a pump also in said circuit for In testimony whereof, I hereunto set my 7 hand this 4th day of November, 1918.

ABRAM M. FELDMANI. 

